PyTorch是一种深度学习框架,它的特点是动态图和静态图都支持。这篇文章将从多个角度分析动态图和静态图的例子。
动态图和静态图的区别
在深度学习中,动态图和静态图是两种不同的计算图模式。静态图在定义模型时会预先定义好计算图结构,然后将数据输入到图中进行计算。而动态图则是在运行时动态地构建计算图。
静态图的优点是在运行时计算速度快,因为它已经预先定义好了计算图结构。但是静态图的缺点是在模型的调试和修改时非常麻烦,因为需要重新定义计算图结构。
动态图的优点是在调试和修改模型时非常方便,因为可以动态地修改计算图结构。但是动态图的缺点是在运行时计算速度比静态图慢。
动态图和静态图的例子
下面我们将从多个角度分析动态图和静态图的例子。
1. 定义模型
静态图的例子:
```
import tensorflow as tf
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 784])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 10])
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784, 10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))
y_pred = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(x, W) + b)
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(-tf.reduce_sum(y * tf.log(y_pred), reduction_indices=[1]))
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.5).minimize(cross_entropy)
```
动态图的例子:
```
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(784, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = F.softmax(self.fc1(x), dim=1)
return x
net = Net()
```
可以看到,动态图的定义方式更加简单清晰。
2. 训练模型
静态图的例子:
```
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
for i in range(1000):
batch_xs, batch_ys = mnist.train.next_batch(100)
sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y: batch_ys})
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y_pred, 1), tf.argmax(y, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, tf.float32))
print(sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: mnist.test.images, y: mnist.test.labels}))
```
动态图的例子:
```
import torch.optim as optim
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.5)
for epoch in range(10):
for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):
inputs, labels = data
optimizer.zero_grad()
outputs = net(inputs)
loss = F.cross_entropy(outputs, labels)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
correct = 0
total = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for data in testloader:
images, labels = data
outputs = net(images)
_, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
total += labels.size(0)
correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()
print('Accuracy of the network on the 10000 test images: %d %%' % (100 * correct / total))
```
动态图的训练方式更加简单直观。
3. 模型转换
静态图的例子:
```
import tensorflow as tf
with tf.Session() as sess:
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.restore(sess, "model.ckpt")
tf.train.write_graph(sess.graph_def, '.', 'model.pbtxt')
converter = tf.contrib.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_session(sess, [x], [y_pred])
tflite_model = converter.convert()
open("model.tflite", "wb").write(tflite_model)
```
动态图的例子:
```
import torch
dummy_input = torch.randn(1, 784)
torch.onnx.export(net, dummy_input, "model.onnx", verbose=True)
```
可以看到,动态图的模型转换方式更加简单。