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[主观题]

Over 60 million persons in the United States own a credit card. For these millions of Amer

icans a credit card is "coined freedom". It has had effect of increasing consumption possibilities for households by allowing them to purchase thousands of dollars of merchandise. ranging from autos. clothing, to electrical appliances. The widespread use of creditcard nowadays staggers the imagination to the point where one wonders whether the total amount of consumption spending each year would be the same if this "plastic money" were not around, Credit cards have also been of significant importance to the national economy.Businessmen have been encournged to expand plant and equipment and hire additionat personnel to meet the heavy demand for their products, The tendency of employment and income would rise significantly. Unfortunately the ease with which buyers can increase their purchase with credit cards have caused them to overlook the additional costs.Purchase on credit cards are postponed payments. Buy-now pay later encourages buyers to use credit cards ,extencively.Since the buyer is in effect borrowing money for a special purposer he must expect to pay an interest charge. Interest is the price of using money over a long period of time. A close analysis of the use for credit cards for heavy purchases will show that the buyer has added to the cost of making these purchases. It must also be kept in mind that unpaid monthly balances means added interest charges. Furthermore. the use of credit cards will add to the most purpose of the product since the shopkeeper does not receive the money at the time of the purchase, Shopkeepers might add on the cost of handing credit cards to the bill. One of the arguments against the use of credit cards has been that those who do pay cash at the time if purchase finance the use of a credit card by another person.This is so, the argument runs, because the price of a product will include the cost of another persons use of a credit card.

Which of the following is NOT true about credit cards？

A.It can encourage great sums of consumption

B.Shopkeepers, among others object to the use of credis cards because they add on the cost of the merchandise

C.Credit card holders actually pay for their shopping goods afer the purchase has been completed

D.The national economy enjoys extensive growth because of the use of credit cards

What is the main topic of the passage？A.Advantages and disadvantages of credit cards

B.Economic growth hacked up by the use of credit cards

C.Arguments against the use of ecredit cards

D.Credit cards make life easier

What are the arguments against the use of credit cards？A.It may lead to the overgrowth of the national economy.

B.The delay in the payment of shopping goods may bring damage to shopkeeprers’profits.

C.Some people may intentionally purchase goods that they cannot possbly aford

D.Those who pay by cash at the purehase will have to pay for the cost added to the product as the interest charge of credit cards

The writers purpose in this passage is to____.A.argue against credit card

B.deseribe a phenomenon

C.introduce us the disadvantage and advantage of credit card

D.propose an original viewpoint

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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发布时间：2023-08-12
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更多“Over 60 million persons in the United States own a credit card. For these millions of Amer”相关的问题

第1题

Mega-citiesIn 1950, New York was the only city with more than 10 million inhabitants. Ther

Mega-cities

In 1950, New York was the only city with more than 10 million inhabitants. There are now 11cities housing over 11 million people each. Tokyo alone has 17 million. In 1995, their combined population totaled 166 million; in 2015 it is forecast to be over 204 million.

The world’s urban population, increasing at four times the rate of rural populations, will double in the period 1990-2025, to over five billion. Consequently, two-thirds of the people of the world will live in cities, some of which will be huge. Moreover, about 90% of the growth will be in developing countries. This growth, adding around 60 million people per year to city population, will be mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa. The consequences are dramatiC.This is change on a scale never before experienced, bringing with it considerable challenges and opportunities.

Why does this growth happen？ Most of it results from internal migration rather than the international movement of people, and is caused by a variety of push and pull factors.

One push factor is due to pressure on land availability. Improved health brings population growth, causing people to move out of rural areas. Others move because of climate change or poor farming methods which often result in deforestation and flooding. Such changes can alter the social structure, leading people to move. Furthermore, civil war or regional conflicts also cause disruption, driving people out of rural areas.

On the other hand, there are the pull factors. Cities attract people because of the demand for labor in the manufacturing and service industries. As a result, they offer a higher standard of living to the lucky ones. Cities also tend to offer greater personal freedom.

The world economy has expanded five-fold since 1950, with the cities driving the expansion. Much of this economic expansion has been in the developing countries of Southeast Asia. Therefore, most of the mega-cities of the future will be found there.

1.The combined total population of these 11 cities ________.

A.was 166 million in 1950

B.was 17 million in 1995

C.is 204 million now

D.will be over 204 million in 2015

2.

The world ’ s rural population ________.

A.increased at one fourth the rate of urban population

B.increased at four times the rate of urban population

C.will be four times bigger by 2025

D.will double in the period 1990-2025

3.

Which of the following is true according to this passage？ _________.

A.There are now 11 cities with a total population of 11 million people.

B.The world ’ s urban population will be four times bigger by 2025

C.Various push and pull factors cause people to move 正确

D.Two-thirds of the world ’ s population will live in cities in Southeast Asia and Africa.

4.

People choose to leave rural areas partly because _________.

A.climate change or poor farming methods result in deforestation and flooding 正确

B.the living standards of cities are much lower

C.the population of rural areas increased faster than that of urban areas

D.there are not enough space for people to live there

5.

We can conclude from the last paragraph that_________.

A.the world economy has declined since 1950

B.economic expansion leads to mega-cities 正确

C.the expansion is mainly taking place in Europe

D.there isn ’ t any economic expansion in the developing countries

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第2题

摇滚乐手有时能每年挣到好几百万美元的收入。你能用经济租来解释这一大笔收入吗？Rock musicians sometimes earn over $ 1 million per year. Can you explain this large income in terms of economic rent？

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第3题

Fishing adds only about 1 percent to the global economy, but on a regional basis it can co
ntribute enormously to human survival. Marine fisheries contribute more to the world's supply of protein than beef, poultry or any other animal source.

Fishing typically does not require land ownership, and because it remains, in general, open to all, it is often the employer of last resort in the developing world--an occupation when there are no other options. Worldwide, about 200 million people depend on fishing for their livelihoods. Within Southeast Asia alone, more than five million people fish full-time. In northern Chile ,40 percent of the population lives off the ocean. In Newfoundland, most employment came from fishing or servicing that industry--until the collapse of the cod fisheries in the early 1990s left tens of thousands of people out of work.

Although debates over the conservation of natural resources are often cast as a conflict between jobs and the environment, the restoration of fish populations would in fact boost employment. Michael P. Sissenwine and Andrew A. Rosenberg of the U. S. National Marine Fisheries Service have estimated that if depleted species were allowed to rebuild to their long-term potential, their sustainable use would add about $ 8 billion to the U. S. gross domestic product--and provide some 300, 000 jobs. If fish populations were restored and properly managed, about 20 million metric tons could be added to the world's annual catch. But restoration of ecological balance ,fiscal profitability, and economic security will require a substantial reduction in the capacity of the commercial fishing industry so that wild population can recover.

The necessary reductions in fishing power need not come at the expense of jobs. Governments could increase employment and reduce the pressure on fish populations by directing subsidies away from highly mechanized ships. For each $1 million of investment, industrial-scale fishing operations require only one to five people ,whereas small-scale fisheries would employ between 60 and 3000. Industrial fishing itself threatens tens of millions of fishermen working on a small scale by depleting the fish on which they depend for subsistence.

The animal source which supplies the most protein for human being is ______.

A．beef

B．fish

C．pork

D．chicken

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第4题

The following trial balance relates to Quincy as at 30 September 2012:The following notes

The following trial balance relates to Quincy as at 30 September 2012:

The following trial balance relates to Quincy as a

The following notes are relevant:

(i) On 1 October 2011, Quincy sold one of its products for $10 million (included in revenue in the trial balance). As part of the sale agreement, Quincy is committed to the ongoing servicing of this product until 30 September 2014 (i.e. three years from the date of sale). The value of this service has been included in the selling price of $10 million. The estimated cost to Quincy of the servicing is $600,000 per annum and Quincy’s normal gross profit margin on this type of servicing is 25%. Ignore discounting.

(ii) Quincy issued a $25 million 6% loan note on 1 October 2011. Issue costs were $1 million and these have been charged to administrative expenses. The loan will be redeemed on 30 September 2014 at a premium which gives an effective interest rate on the loan of 8%.

(iii) Quincy paid an equity dividend of 8 cents per share during the year ended 30 September 2012.

(iv) Non-current assets:

Quincy had been carrying land and buildings at depreciated cost, but due to a recent rise in property prices, it decided to revalue its property on 1 October 2011 to market value. An independent valuer confirmed the value of the property at $60 million (land element $12 million) as at that date and the directors accepted this valuation. The property had a remaining life of 16 years at the date of its revaluation. Quincy will make a transfer from the revaluation reserve to retained earnings in respect of the realisation of the revaluation reserve. Ignore deferred tax on the revaluation.

Plant and equipment is depreciated at 15% per annum using the reducing balance method.

No depreciation has yet been charged on any non-current asset for the year ended 30 September 2012. All depreciation is charged to cost of sales.

(v) The investments had a fair value of $15·7 million as at 30 September 2012. There were no acquisitions or disposals of these investments during the year ended 30 September 2012.

(vi) The balance on current tax represents the under/over provision of the tax liability for the year ended 30 September 2011. A provision for income tax for the year ended 30 September 2012 of $7·4 million is required. At 30 September 2012, Quincy had taxable temporary differences of $5 million, requiring a provision for deferred tax. Any deferred tax adjustment should be reported in the income statement. The income tax rate of Quincy is 20%.

Required:

(a) Prepare the statement of comprehensive income for Quincy for the year ended 30 September 2012.

(b) Prepare the statement of changes in equity for Quincy for the year ended 30 September 2012.

(c) Prepare the statement of financial position for Quincy as at 30 September 2012. Notes to the financial statements are not required.

The following mark allocation is provided as guidance for this question:

(a) 11 marks

(b) 4 marks

(c) 10 marks

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第5题

听力原文： Shell Group says so far it has invested over 1.6 billion USD in China. The figur
e will soar to 5 billion within the next few years. Shell said the energy resource supply of China will double around 2020. The country will need more foreign capital for upstream petroleum products, and natural gas projects. Shell is quite willing to take part in the projects. Shell plans to cooperate with PetroChina in the west-east gas transmission project. The total investment will reach USD 8 billion. Shell cooperated with China National Offshore Oil last year in Nanhai Petroleum Chemical project.

How much has Shell invested in China so far？

A．1.6 billion USD

B．1.6 million USD

C．5 billion USD

D．5 million USD

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第6题

（a) On 1 January 2015, Palistar acquired 75% of Stretcher’s equity shares by means of an i

(a) On 1 January 2015, Palistar acquired 75% of Stretcher’s equity shares by means of an immediate share exchange of two shares in Palistar for five shares in Stretcher. The fair value of Palistar and Stretcher’s shares on 1 January 2015 were $4·00 and $3·00 respectively. In addition to the share exchange, Palistar will make a cash payment of $1·32 per acquired share, deferred until 1 January 2016. Palistar has not recorded any of the consideration for Stretcher in its financial statements. Palistar’s cost of capital is 10% per annum.

The summarised statements of financial position of the two companies as at 30 June 2015 are:

（a) On 1 January 2015, Palistar acquired 75% of St

The following information is relevant:

(i) Stretcher’s business is seasonal and 60% of its annual profit is made in the period 1 January to 30 June each year.

(ii) At the date of acquisition, the fair value of Stretcher’s net assets was equal to their carrying amounts with the following exceptions:

An item of plant had a fair value of $2 million below its carrying value. At the date of acquisition it had a remaining life of two years.

The fair value of Stretcher’s investments was $7 million (see also note (v)).

Stretcher owned the rights to a popular mobile (cell) phone game. At the date of acquisition, a specialist valuer estimated that the rights were worth $12 million and had an estimated remaining life of five years.

(iii) Following an impairment review, consolidated goodwill is to be written down by $3 million as at 30 June 2015.

(iv) Palistar sells goods to Stretcher at cost plus 30%. Stretcher had $1·8 million of goods in its inventory at 30 June 2015 which had been supplied by Palistar. In addition, on 28 June 2015, Palistar processed the sale of $800,000 of goods to Stretcher, which Stretcher did not account for until their receipt on 2 July 2015. The in-transit reconciliation should be achieved by assuming the transaction had been recorded in the books of Stretcher before the year end. At 30 June 2015, Palistar had a trade receivable balance of $2·4 million due from Stretcher which differed to the equivalent balance in Stretcher’s books due to the sale made on 28 June 2015.

(v) At 30 June 2015, the fair values of the financial asset equity investments of Palistar and Stretcher were $13·2 million and $7·9 million respectively.

(vi) Palistar’s policy is to value the non-controlling interest at fair value at the date of acquisition. For this purpose Stretcher’s share price at that date is representative of the fair value of the shares held by the non-controlling interest.

Required:

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Palistar as at 30 June 2015. (25 marks)

(b) For many years, Dilemma has owned 35% of the voting shares and held a seat on the board of Myno which has given Dilemma significant influence over Myno. The other shares (65%) in Myno were held by many other shareholders who all owned less than 10% of the share capital. On this basis, Dilemma considered Myno to be an associate and has used equity accounting to account for its investment.

In March 2015, Agresso made an offer to buy all of the shares of Myno. The offer was supported by the majority of Myno’s directors. Dilemma did not accept the offer and held on to its shares in Myno.

On 1 April 2015, Agresso announced that it had acquired the other 65% of the share capital of Myno and immediately convened a board meeting at which three of the previous directors of Myno were replaced, including the seat held by Dilemma.

Required:

Explain how the investment in Myno should be treated in the consolidated statement of profit or loss of Dilemma for the year ended 30 June 2015 and the consolidated statement of financial position at 30 June 2015. (5 marks)

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第7题

Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Close to Finding a Cure？First described in 1906 by Dr.Alois
Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Close to Finding a Cure？First described in 1906 by Dr.Alois

Alzheimer’s Disease: Are We Close to Finding a Cure？

First described in 1906 by Dr.Alois Alzheimer, Alzheimer s disease is the most common form. of dementia, accounting for around 60%–80% of cases.It is characterized by problems with memory, thinking and behavior.Onset is most common in individuals aged 65 and over, although people in their 40s and 50s can develop what is classed as early - onset Alzheimer’s.

Alzheimer’s is a progressive disease, meaning memory loss is mild in the beginning, but it worsens over time to the extent that individuals are unable to have conversations or respond to their surroundings.There are treatments that have been approved by the US

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Alzheimer’s.For example, cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine can help treat memory and thinking problems.But these drugs just help manage the symptoms; there is currently no cure for the disease.

Current Alzheimer’s prevalence in the US makes it the 6th leading cause of death, killing more than half a million seniors every year.To put this in perspective, Alzheimer’s disease currently kills more people each year than prostate cancer and breast cancer combined.There is no doubt that scientists across the world are working hard to find ways to prevent, treat and cure this debilitating condition.Hardly a day goes by without coming across a report about how scientists restored memory and learning deficits in Alzheimer’s mouse models, how vitamin D deficiency could increase the risk of developing dementia, and how DNA methylation in the brain is linked to Alzheimer’s.But what have these studies taught researchers about Alzheimer’s so far？

Preventing and Targeting Plaques and Tangles

As with all diseases, knowing exactly what causes Alzheimer’s is key to identifying ways to prevent and treat the condition.Past research has indicated that Alzheimer’s occurs when two abnormal brain structures — plaques and tangles —damage and kill nerve cells, causing the memory, thinking and behavioral problems associated wit

1.Dementia is not a single disease in itself, but a general term to describe symptoms of impairment in memory, communication, and thinking.()

2.The FDA - approved drugs, like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, can cure Alzheimer’s disease.()

3.chronic sleep deprivation may cause these abnormal brain structures.()

4.Tangles are fragments of a protein called beta - amyloid, which build up in areas between nerve cells.()

5.As a result of Alzheimer’s research, there are an array of drugs in development that scientists believe have great potential to effectively treat the disease.()

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第8题

Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attemptedYou have recently commenced working for Buru

Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attempted

You have recently commenced working for Burung Co and are reviewing a four-year project which the company is considering for investment. The project is in a business activity which is very different from Burung Co’s current line of business.

The following net present value estimate has been made for the project:

All figures are in $ million

Section B – TWO questions ONLY to be attemptedYou

Net present value is negative $1·65 million, and therefore the recommendation is that the project should not be accepted.

In calculating the net present value of the project, the following notes were made:

(i) Since the real cost of capital is used to discount cash flows, neither the sales revenue nor the direct project costs have been inflated. It is estimated that the inflation rate applicable to sales revenue is 8% per year and to the direct project costs is 4% per year.

(ii) The project will require an initial investment of $38 million. Of this, $16 million relates to plant and machinery, which is expected to be sold for $4 million when the project ceases, after taking any taxation and inflation impact into account.

(iii) Tax allowable depreciation is available on the plant and machinery at 50% in the first year, followed by 25% per year thereafter on a reducing balance basis. A balancing adjustment is available in the year the plant and machinery is sold. Burung Co pays 20% tax on its annual taxable profits. No tax allowable depreciation is available on the remaining investment assets and they will have a nil value at the end of the project.

(iv) Burung Co uses either a nominal cost of capital of 11% or a real cost of capital of 7% to discount all projects, given that the rate of inflation has been stable at 4% for a number of years.

(v) Interest is based on Burung Co’s normal borrowing rate of 150 basis points over the 10-year government yield rate.

(vi) At the beginning of each year, Burung Co will need to provide working capital of 20% of the anticipated sales revenue for the year. Any remaining working capital will be released at the end of the project.

(vii) Working capital and depreciation have not been taken into account in the net present value calculation above, since depreciation is not a cash flow and all the working capital is returned at the end of the project.

It is anticipated that the project will be financed entirely by debt, 60% of which will be obtained from a subsidised loan scheme run by the government, which lends money at a rate of 100 basis points below the 10-year government debt yield rate of 2·5%. Issue costs related to raising the finance are 2% of the gross finance required. The remaining 40% will be funded from Burung Co’s normal borrowing sources. It can be assumed that the debt capacity available to Burung Co is equal to the actual amount of debt finance raised for the project.

Burung Co has identified a company, Lintu Co, which operates in the same line of business as that of the project it is considering. Lintu Co is financed by 40 million shares trading at $3·20 each and $34 million debt trading at $94 per $100. Lintu Co’s equity beta is estimated at 1·5. The current yield on government treasury bills is 2% and it is estimated that the market risk premium is 8%. Lintu Co pays tax at an annual rate of 20%.

Both Burung Co and Lintu Co pay tax in the same year as when profits are earned.

Required:

(a) Calculate the adjusted present value (APV) for the project, correcting any errors made in the net present value estimate above, and conclude whether the project should be accepted or not. Show all relevant calculations. (15 marks)

(b) Comment on the corrections made to the original net present value estimate and explain the APV approach taken in part (a), including any assumptions made. (10 marks)

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第9题

Paris is the capital of the European nation of France.It is also one of the most beaut
iful and most famous cities in the world.

Paris is called the City of Light.It is also an international fashion center.What stylish women are wearing in Paris will be worn by women all over the world.Paris is also a famous world center of education.For instance, it is the headquarters of UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

The Seine River divides the city into two parts.Thirty-two bridges cross this river.The oldest and perhaps most well-known is the Pont Neuf, which was built in the sixteenth century.The Sorbonne, a famous university, is located on the Left Band (south side) of the river.The beautiful white church Sacre Coeur lies on top of the hill called Montmartre on the Right Band (north side) of the Seine.

There are many other famous places in Paris, such as the famous museum the Louvre, the most famous landmark in this city must be the Eiffel Tower.

Paris as well as the Cathedral of Notre Dame is named after a group of people called the Parisi.They built a small village on an island, in the middle of the Seine River about two thousand years ago.This island called the llede La Cite is where Notre Dame is located.Today around eight million people live in the Paris area.

1.A good title for this selection is().

A.The French Language

B.The City of Pairs

C.Education and Culture in France

D.The SenUior River

2.The word “headquarters”in line 5 means().

A.Clothing

B.Office

C.main office

D.25 percent

3.We may conclude that Notre Dame is located()

A.on the Left Bank

B.On the Right Bank

C.In the middle of the Senior River

D.On neither bank

4.The Pont Neuf was built in ()

A.the 1500s

B.the 1600s

C.the 1700s

D.the 1400s

5.The population in the Pairs area is around()

A.two million

B eight million

C.sixteen million

D.eighteen million

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第10题

（a) An assistant of yours has been criticised over a piece of assessed work that he produc

(a) An assistant of yours has been criticised over a piece of assessed work that he produced for his study course for giving the definition of a non-current asset as ‘a physical asset of substantial cost, owned by the company, which will last longer than one year’.

Required:

Provide an explanation to your assistant of the weaknesses in his definition of non-current assets when

compared to the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) view of assets. (4 marks)

(b) The same assistant has encountered the following matters during the preparation of the draft financial statements of Darby for the year ending 30 September 2009. He has given an explanation of his treatment of them.

(i) Darby spent $200,000 sending its staff on training courses during the year. This has already led to an

improvement in the company’s efficiency and resulted in cost savings. The organiser of the course has stated that the benefits from the training should last for a minimum of four years. The assistant has therefore treated the cost of the training as an intangible asset and charged six months’ amortisation based on the average date during the year on which the training courses were completed. (3 marks)

(ii) During the year the company started research work with a view to the eventual development of a new

processor chip. By 30 September 2009 it had spent $1·6 million on this project. Darby has a past history

of being particularly successful in bringing similar projects to a profitable conclusion. As a consequence the

assistant has treated the expenditure to date on this project as an asset in the statement of financial position.

Darby was also commissioned by a customer to research and, if feasible, produce a computer system to

install in motor vehicles that can automatically stop the vehicle if it is about to be involved in a collision. At

30 September 2009, Darby had spent $2·4 million on this project, but at this date it was uncertain as to

whether the project would be successful. As a consequence the assistant has treated the $2·4 million as an

expense in the income statement. (4 marks)

(iii) Darby signed a contract (for an initial three years) in August 2009 with a company called Media Today to

install a satellite dish and cabling system to a newly built group of residential apartments. Media Today will

provide telephone and television services to the residents of the apartments via the satellite system and pay

Darby $50,000 per annum commencing in December 2009. Work on the installation commenced on

1 September 2009 and the expenditure to 30 September 2009 was $58,000. The installation is expected

to be completed by 31 October 2009. Previous experience with similar contracts indicates that Darby will

make a total profit of $40,000 over the three years on this initial contract. The assistant correctly recorded

the costs to 30 September 2009 of $58,000 as a non-current asset, but then wrote this amount down to

$40,000 (the expected total profit) because he believed the asset to be impaired.

The contract is not a finance lease. Ignore discounting. (4 marks)

Required:

For each of the above items (i) to (iii) comment on the assistant’s treatment of them in the financial

statements for the year ended 30 September 2009 and advise him how they should be treated under

International Financial Reporting Standards.

Note: the mark allocation is shown against each of the three items above.

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第11题

听力原文：The earliest libraries existed thousands of years ago in China and Egypt where co

听力原文： The earliest libraries existed thousands of years ago in China and Egypt where collections of records on tablets of baked clay were kept in temples and royal palaces. In the western world, libraries were first established in Ancient Greece. For example, Aristotle once had a research library in the 3rd century B. C.

The first library in the United States was a private library, which could only be used by authorized readers. In 1633, John Harvard gave money and more than 300 books to a newly- established college in Massachusetts. In return for his generosity, the legislature voted the school be named Harvard College. The librarian there set rules for the new library. Only college students and faculty members could use the books. No book could be lent for more than one month.

The earliest public library was established in Philadelphia in 1731. Although this library was open to every one, all readers had to pay a membership or subscription fee in order to borrow books. Very few subscription libraries exist today. Some book and stationary stores maintain small rental libraries, where anyone may borrow books for a daily charge. The first truly free public library that circulated books to every one at no cost was started at a small New England town in 1833. Today, there are more than 7,000 free public libraries throughout the US. They contain about 160 million books which were circulated to over 52 million readers.

Historically, the major purpose of free public libraries was educational. They were expected to provide adults with the opportunity to continue their education after they left school. SO the function of public library was once described as "less reservoir than a fountain". In other words, emphasis was to be placed on wide circulation rather than on collecting and storing books. Over the years public library services have greatly expanded. In addition to their continuing and important educational role, public libraries provide culture and recreation, and they are trying to fill many changing community needs. Most libraries offer browsing rooms where readers can relax on comfortable chairs and read current newspapers and magazines. Many also circulate music records. Library programs of films, lectures, reading clubs, and concerts also attract library users. In addition to books, records, periodicals, and reference material, libraries provide technical information such as books and pamphlets on gardening, carpentry and other specialized fields of interests. The largest public library in the US is the Library of Congress. It was originally planned as the reference library for the federal legislature. Today in addition to that important function, it serves as the reference library for the public, and sends out many books to other libraries on inter- library-loan system.

Unlike free pubic libraries, which open to everyone, private libraries can be used only by authorized readers. Many industrial and scientific organizations and business firms have collections of books, journals and research data for their staffs. Several private historical associations have research collections of special interest to their members. In addition, many elementary and secondary schools operate libraries for use by students and teachers. Prisons and hospitals maintain libraries too. The largest and the most important private libraries are operated by colleges and universities, and are used by students, faculty members, and occasionally by visiting scholars. Many universities have special libraries for research in particular fields, such as law, medicine and education. Recent surveys report that more than 300 million books are available in these academic libraries and they are regularly used by over 8 million students.

Questions：

16. Who drew up the rules for the first private library in the US？

17.Why was the earliest public library also called a subscription

A．The legislature.

B．The librarian.

C．John Harvard.

D．The faculty members.

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