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Passage 1A new study finds that even mild stress can affect your ability to control your e

Passage 1

A new study finds that even mild stress can affect your ability to control your emotions. A team of neuroscientists at New York University say that their findings suggest that certain _1_ that teach people how to better control their emotions—such as those used to treat social anxiety and phobias— may not work as well during stressful situations. “We have long suspected that stress can _2_ our ability to control our emotions, but this is the first study to document how even mild stress can undercut therapies designed to keep our emotions in _3_ said senior author and psychology professor Elizabeth Phelps. “In other words, what you learn in the clinic may not be as _4_ in the real world when you’re stressed.” To help patients learn to _5_ their emotional impairment, therapists sometimes use cognitive restructuring techniques encouraging patients to alter their thoughts or approach to a situation to change their emotional response. These might include focusing on the positive or non-threatening aspects of an event or _6_ that might normally produce fear. To test how these techniques hold up in real-life situations, the team _7_ a group of 78 volunteers, who viewed pictures of snakes and spiders. Some of the pictures were paired with an electric shock, and participants _8_ developed a fear of these pictures. The subjects “reported more _9_ feelings of fear when viewing the pictures, compared with when they viewed images not paired with a shock. Next the participants were taught cognitive strategies, similar to those _10_ bytherapists and known as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to learn to diminish the fears brought on by the experiment.

A) check

B) regulate

C) eventually

D) consequences

E) impair

F) stimulus

G) bleak

H) enlisted

I) relevant

J) prescribed

K) therapies

L) confined

M) incidentally

N) intense

O) breach

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发布时间：2023-04-02

更多“Passage 1A new study finds that even mild stress can affect your ability to control your e”相关的问题

第1题

Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of bo

dy weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. Doctors found that less than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to reduce weight said they were combining exercise with their diet.

Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is necessary. A study confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.

If you have been sedentary and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’ time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lost ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.

1.The following statements are true except ().

A、If people try some special food such as “light” beer when they want to lose weight, they would not regain their old weight

B、Both the diet and exercise play an important role in losing weight

C、Few American people who were trying to reduce weight would do exercise with their diet

D、If people walk one mile daily, and keep doing so for one year with diet, he would lost ten pounds

2.According to the passage, what is the advantage of exercise mentioned by the author？ ()

A、It can help you keep good health

B、It can help you maintain body weight

C、It can help you get rid of illness

D、It can help you find a good job

3.When American people decided to lose their weight, what would they rather try？ ()

A、To do exercise

B、To try some “light” beer

C、To try some “light” beer and low-calorie bread

D、To try both A and C

4.The word “reduce” (Para. 1 ) probably means ().

A、decrease

B、lose

C、lessen

D、cut down

5.This passage is mainly about ().

A、the meaning of exercise

B、the way to reduce weight

C、the relation between lose weight and exercise

D、the importance of losing weight

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第2题

The best title for the passage could be ______.A．Music—The Essence of NatureB．Music—A Bett

The best title for the passage could be ______.

A．Music—The Essence of Nature

B．Music—A Better Way to Enjoy Nature

C．Music—A New Frontier for Scientists

D．Music—Beyond National and Cultural Boundary

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第3题

According to the passage, advertisements will NOT make us （).

A.buy something

B.know the functions of some new goods

C.learn some knowledge

D.forget the old things that are already known by people

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第4题

Question 40Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 40 on your answer sheet.

Question 40

Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 40 on your answer sheet.

This text is taken from ______.

A．a guide for new managers in a company.

B．a textbook analysis of behaviour in organisations.

C．a critical study of the importance of role signs in modern society.

D．a newspaper article about role changes.

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第5题

Moderate drinking reduces stroke risk, study confirms. Similar to the way a drink or two a

day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumption wards off strokes, a new study found.

The study also found that the type of alcohol consumed -- beer, wine or liqour -- was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination, was protective, researchers reported in today's Journal of the American Medical Association. "No study has shown benefit in recommending alcohol consumption to those who do not drink", cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data support the guidelines of the National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers may protect themselves from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said.

The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacks is well established, but the data has been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the authors said. The new study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanics benefit as well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other groups, such as Asian, whom past studies suggest may get no stroke protection from alcohol or may even be put at greater risk.

Among groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in levels of so-called "good" cholesterol, the authors said. They speculated alcohol may protect against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood clots that can cause strikes.

The researchers studied 677 New York residents who lived in the northern part of Manhattan and had strokes between July 1,1993, and June, 1997. After taking into account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic drinks daily were only half as likely to have suffered clot-type strokes as nondrinkers. Clot-type strokes account for 80 percent of all strokes, a leading cause of US deaths and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day, risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers.

An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn't be interpreted to mean, "I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol," said Dr. Edgar J. Kenton, an associate professor of clinical neurology at Thomas Jefferson University Medical College in Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable risk factors for stroke.

The new study conducted by Dr. Sacco and his colleagues is unique in that ______.

A．it refutes early studies on the protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attack

B．it confirms early studies of moderate drinking against heart attacks

C．it helps to resolve the disputes over the effect of moderate drinking against stroke

D．it finds that moderate drinking can benefit people of different races equally well

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第6题

Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, seve

re thunderstorms, and tornadoes begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched.Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987.Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.

Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms.In most nations, for example, weather – balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles.With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short – range forecasts, or “Nowcasts,” was not feasible.The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome.Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems.Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost.Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information.Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.

11.The word “exceeded” in paragraph I most probably means ____________.

A.added up toB.were more than

C.were about D.were less than

12.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to predict such a short – lived tornado because ______________.

A.the computer is not used to forecast specific local events

B.the computers are not advanced enough to predict it

C.the weather data people collect are often wrong

D.weather conditions in some small regions are not available

13.According to the passage, the word “Nowcast” (paragraph 3) means _______________.

A.a way of collecting raw weather data

B.a forecast which can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate way

C.a network to collect instant weather data

D.a more advanced system of weather observation

14.According to the passage, ___________ is the key factor to making “Nowcasts” a reality.

A.scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellites

B.computer scientist

C.meteorologists

D.advanced computer programs

15.According to the author, the passage mainly deals with ________________.

A.a tornado in Edmonton, Alberta

B.what’s a “Nowcast”

C.the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecast

D.a breakthrough in weather forecast

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第7题

TV Commercials and Print AdsDespite the fact that advertisers spend ＄ 44 billion on the ma

TV Commercials and Print Ads

Despite the fact that advertisers spend ＄ 44 billion on the major television networks and cable TV advertising, a new study show that consumers think print ads more entertaining and less offensive than television commercials. They study, conducted by Video Storyboard Tests in New York, showed that more consumers considered prints ads "artistic" and "enjoyable".

The 2, 000 consumers surveyed blasted TV ads compared to their print counterparts: 34 percent of respondents thought print ads were artistic, compared with 15 percent for television ads; 35 per cent thought print ads were enjoyable, compared to 13 percent for television; and, most surprising, 33 percent of consumers felt print ads were entertaining, compared to only 18 percent for TV ads. Much of the artistic impact and positive reaction to print ads comes from the illustrations used. The illustration is primary in creating the mood for a print ad, which ultimately affects consumers' feelings about the image of the brand.

While the study's sponsors were somewhat surprised by the survey results, some industry executives felt that print ads were finally getting the credit they deserve. Richard Kirshenbaum, chair and chief creative officer of Kirshenbaum, Bond & Partners, a New York advertising and public relations firm, is one such believer. In fact, Kirshenbaum says that when he looks to hire a person for a creative position in his agency, "I always look at the print book first because I think it is harder to come up with a great idea on a single piece of paper. "

But as impressed as computers say they are by the aesthetics (美学)and style. of print ads, televisions executives (as you might expect )dismiss the findings. One network official said, "Nothing will replace the reach and magnitude of an elaborately produced television spot. TV ads get talked about. Print ads don't. "

The sponsors of the concerned study are______.

A．advertisers

B．Video Story Tests

C．television executives

D．not specified

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第8题

These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, "meet and look. " Many of them do s

o willingly. In today's prosperous and increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekkon , or arranged marriage, is thriving.

But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldn't reject the partner chosen by his parents and their middlernan. After World War II, many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western ren'ai kekkon , or love marriage, became popular; Japanese began picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.

But the Western way was often found wanting in an important respect: it didn't necessarily produce a partner of the right economic, social, and educational qualifications. "Today's young people are quite calculating," says Chieko Akiyama, a social commentator.

What seems to be happening now is a repetition of a familiar process in the country's history, the "Japanization" of an adopted foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new orniai in which both parties are free to reject the match. "Omiai is evolving into a sort of stylized introduction," Mrs. Akiyama says.

Many young Japanese now date in their early twenties, but with no thought of marriage. When they reach the age—in the middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men—they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as 40% of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. It's hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.

These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighborhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today find it's less awkward to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.

Japan has about five hundred computer matching services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays $80 to $ 125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and $ 200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughthers, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents. )

According to the passage, today's young Japanese prefer______.

A．a traditional arranged marriage

B．a new type of arranged marriage

C．a Western love marriage

D．a more Westernized love marriage

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第9题

A.As a result B.Furthermore C.In conclusion D.Second E.First of allWith more and more pe

A.As a result B.Furthermore C.In conclusion D.Second E.First of all

With more and more people becoming rich in recent years,it is a new tendency for them to send their children to study abroad.But I don't think it is a good idea._____,children are too young to look after themselves._____,the language barrier is a serious problem.Many children are not proficient,in the foreign language before going abroad._____,they have difficulty in understanding what .the native speakers are talking about.Third,they may get into trouble when dealing with various situations for lack of knowledge of the customs in the strange land.____,the cost of living,is much higher than that in our country,which might cause a heavy,burden to the family._____,there are more disadvantages in sending children to study abroad.So,we'd better not do it.

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第10题

仔细阅读：Attitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger

Section C(2016年6月英语四级卷三试题及答案)

Passage One

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

Attitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.

It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.

The face that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now and no one can get one yet but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.

Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.

This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.

When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.

Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.

While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cares are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.

47.What happens when a new technology emerges？

A.It further widens the gap between the old and the young.

B.It often leads to innovations in other related fields.

C.It contribute greatly to the advance of society as a whole.

D.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.

48.What does the author say about the driverless car？

A.It does not seem to create a generational divide.

B.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.

C.It may start a revolution in the car industry.

D.It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.

49.Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people？

A.It saves their energy.

B.It helps with their mobility.

C.It adds to the safety of their travel.

D.It stirs up their interest in life.

50.What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car？

A.The location of their residence.

B.The amount of their special interest

C.The amount of training they received.

D.The length of their driving experience.

51.Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car？

A.The senior.

B.The educated.

C.The weaIthy.

D.The tech fans.

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第11题

Before the summer of 2000, the 54 year old John Haughom could accomplish just about any th

ing at work. "I could move mountains if I put my mind to it."he says of those days. But that summer Haughom found he couldn't move them any more. On the phone with his wife one morn ing, Haughom broke down. A couple of days later Haughom checked himself in for a three-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center, an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City that helps him deal with stress.

Haughom is far from alone. A host of new studies and plenty of anecdotal evidence show that stress in the workplace is skyrocketing. Whatever the cause, stress levels are at record highs. The statistics are startling. According to a new study by the federal government's Nation al Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, more than half the working people in the U.S. view job stress as a major problem in their lives. This year the European Community officially dubbed stress the second-biggest occupational-health problem facing the continent.

Ten years ago experts warned that stress was out of control, in part because of a shaky economy. What's notable about today's wave of stressed-out workers is that it rises all the way to the top. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority. Powerful chief executive officers (CEOs) were seen as the least threatened by stress. But in today's tough economy, top executives don't have as much control as they used to. "Stress is just part of the job, fortunately or unfortunately, stress'is part of our character building," Lebenthal says. "But I think I don't need any more character building. What I need is a vacation."

But if you think that going on vacation is hard—and studies show that 85%of corporate executives don't use all the time off they're entitled to. Being able to handle stress is perhaps the most basic of job expectations. So among the corporate elite, succumbing to it is considered a shameful weakness. Stress has become the last affliction that people won't dare admit to. Most senior executives who are undergoing treatment for stress—and even many who aren't—refused to talk on the record about the topic．"Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this," one CEO said through his therapist.

What is this passage mainly about？

A．Increasingly serious lack of work places.

B．The second biggest disease in the world.

C．The most serious problem people have to face.

D．Increasingly serious stress faced by working people.

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