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[主观题]

&8226;Read this text taken from an article on theories of management,&8226;Choose the best

&8226;Read this text taken from an article on theories of management,

&8226;Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.

&8226;For each gap 9-14, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.

&8226;There is an example at the beginning (O).

Don't follow that theory - think for yourself!

In the 1990s, according to US author Eileen Shapiro, managers have abandoned the right to manage. She argues that managers in the USA have lost confidence. (0) H

She describes a corporate culture which is extremely defensive and which has as its motto 'Managers should always follow the latest short-lived management theory, no matter how irrelevant it may be'. (9) In turn, these have been followed blindly by managers who have given up their central responsibility - taking decisions about their own business in their own particular circumstances.

"I really believe a manager's job is to manage", she says. But increasingly, she feels, they do everything but that. (10) That's because this, the identification of problems and opportunities, is the scariest part of management. Managers try to avoid the anxiety it brings by simply applying the latest theory to any problem. (11) Managers should, she believes, confront these head-on.

It is not that Ms Shapiro does not believe in cutting out unnecessary management layers and opening up organisations. Her criticism is that theories are often presented unthinkingly as solutions and are applied by managers who do not really understand what they are saying.

"Theories are often regarded as if they are some sort of miraculous cure for any type of problem", she says. "However, many projects have failed because theories have been applied which were not appropriate to the situation." (12) The blame for this inappropriate application of theories lies, she claims, mainly at the door of consultancy firms. It is difficult for big firms of consultants to specialise sufficiently. They cannot hope to offer exactly the service that a company requires at a price which the client is able to afford. (13) This is worse than having no help at all.

One of the most serious potential consequences of following theories without considering whether they are appropriate or not is a loss of staff morale and motivation. Obviously, this is something to be avoided. (14) However, Ms Shapiro believes that, unfortunately, unless managers begin again to take responsibility for their own actions that is exactly what will happen.

A. They therefore end up developing generalised solutions which are offered to clients regardless of an organisation's specific problems.

B. There are many firms of consultants offering help to companies.

C. No manager in their right mind would want to work with an angry, cynical or alienated workforce.

D. Just because a course of action has succeeded in one context, it does not mean it will be right in other circumstances.

E. From 'mission statements' to 're-engineering' she shows how one theory has replaced another in quick succession.

F. But in doing so, they often fail to address the real issues.

G. They fail to tackle the central management task, which is diagnosis.

H. They therefore no longer have the courage or the ability to take responsibility for their decisions.

(9)

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发布时间：2023-07-31
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更多“&8226;Read this text taken from an article on theories of management,&8226;Choose the best”相关的问题

第1题

新S1中，Practical Reading的教学目标是（）

A.Explore text by reading a fiction with character

B.Develop listening skills by hearing a text read aloud

C.Analysis the main idea of a passage by using a specific graphic organizer

D.Apply the previous knowledge to analysis the text

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第2题

&8226;The staff at your company were recently asked what they thought about working condit
ions. Your line manager has asked you to write a report summarising their opinions and suggesting possible improvements.

&8226;Look at the information below, on which you have already made some handwritten notes.

&8226;Then, using all your handwritten notes, write your report.

&8226;Write 120-140 words.

&8226;The staff at your company were recently aske

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第3题

&8226;You work for PJT Ltd, a manufacturing company. You need more staff in your departmen
t and your line manager has asked you to write a report explaining why.

&8226;Look at the information below, on which you have already made some handwritten notes.

&8226;Then, using all your handwritten notes, write your report.

&8226;Write 120-140 words.

&8226;You work for PJT Ltd, a manufacturing compan

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第4题

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mob
ile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.

First, let's talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.

This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you there at 8", but "text-me around 8 and we'll see where we all are".

Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters"--those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.

They found that the mobile phone's individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.

Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker': these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.

Who can blame them？ Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people's privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn't worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.

When people plan to meet nowadays, they ______.

A．arrange the meeting place beforehand

B．postpone fixing the place till last minute

C．seldom care about when and where to meet

D．still love to work out detailed meeting plans

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第5题

There is a great concern in Europe and North America about declining standards of literacy
in schools. In Britain, the fact that 30 percent of 16 year olds have a reading age of 14 or less has helped to prompt massive educational changes. The development of literacy has far-reaching effects on general intellectual development and thus anything that impedes the development of literacy is a serious matter for us all. So the hunt is on for the cause of the decline in literacy. The search so far has forced on socioeconomic factors, or the effectiveness of" traditional" versus" modern" teaching techniques: The fruitless search for the cause of the increase in illiteracy is a tragic example of the saying" They can’t see the wood for the trees". When teachers use picture books, they are simply continuing a long-established tradition that is accepted without question. And for the past two decades, illustrations in reading primers have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become impoverished---sometimes to the point of extinction. Amazingly, there is virtually no empirical evidence to support the use of illustrations in teaching reading. On the contrary, a great deal of empirical evidence shows that pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read. Despite this, from North America to the Antipodes, the first books that many school children receive are totally without text. A teacher’s main concern is to help young beginner readers to develop not only the ability to recognize words, but the skills necessary to understand what these words mean. Even if a child is able to read aloud fluently, he or she may not be able to understand much of it: this is called" barking at text". The teacher’s takes of improving comprehension is made harder by influences outside the classroom. But the adverse effects of such things as television, video games, or limited language experiences at home, can be offset by experiencing "rich" language at school. Instead, it is not unusual for a book of 30 or more pages to have only one sentence full of repetitive phrases. The artwork is often marvelous, but the pictures make the language redundant, and the children have no need to imagine anything when they read such books. Looking' at a picture actively prevents children younger than nine from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In order to learn how to comprehend, they need to practice making their own meaning in response to text. They need to have their innate powers of imagination trained.

As they grow older, many children turn aside from books without pictures, and it is a situation made more serious as out culture becomes more visual. It is hard to wean children off picture books when pictures have played a major part throughout their formative reading experiences, and when there is competition for their attention from so many other sources of entertainment. The least intelligent are most vulnerable, but tests show that even intelligent children are being affected. The response of educators has been to extend the use of pictures in books and to simplify the language, even at senior levels. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge recently held joint conferences to discuss the noticeably rapid decline in literacy among their undergraduates. Pictures are also used to help motivate children to read because they are beautiful and eye-catching. But motivation to read should be provided by listening to stories well read, where children imagine in response to the story. Then, as they start to read, they have this experience to help them understand the language. If we present pictures to save children the trouble of developing these creative skills, then I think we are making a great mistake.

Academic journals ranging from educational research, psychology, language !earning, psycholinguistic, and so on cite experiments, which demonstrate how detrimental picture a

A．they read too loudly

B．there are too many repetitive words

C．they are discouraged from using their imagination

D．they have difficulty assessing its meaning

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第6题

&8226;Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about broadeni
ng corporate responsibility.

&8226;Which article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1—8 refer to？

&8226;For each statement 1—8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.

&8226;You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

A

Executives are coming to understand that they can't meet their corporate responsibility simply by maximizing shareholder value. Last year Price water house Coopers surveyed 1161 chief executive officers of companies from 33 countries. Some 68 percent of those polled said that global corporate responsibility was vital to profitability. Meanwhile citizens around the world have become more vocal in demanding that global busines,5 beheld accountable for conduct that could undermine social, environmental or economic progress.

B

Although markets have encouraged more firms to act in a responsible manner in the global economy, market forces have not been sufficient to ensure responsible behavior. all of the time. Moreover, the responsible firms that work harder to ensure that workers or the environment are treated well as they make goods and services could have higher costs, which may allow other competitors to gain market share, The right mix of public policies can ensure that responsible firms are not penalized.

C

Washington D. C is drowning in paper. Congress has voted on proposals to promote corporate responsibility. Meanwhile, the President, executives and activists are all scurrying about in search of additional proposals to make executives more accountable for their companies' financial reports. Given that capitalism today is global as well as local, the U. S must work with its allies to write international corporate governance norms. But we need to use this opportunity to think more broadly about how to reassure global economic confidence long term. All of the reform. efforts to date focus on a narrow definition of corporate responsibility. President Bush acknowledged in his July 9th speech, "There is no capitalism without conscience" That is why the ultimate reform would encourage corporations to also act responsibility towards their workers and the environment.

D

The codes, including ones promoted by the Department of State—the Voluntary Principles for Security and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines, are designed to help business protect human rights in nations with poor human rights records. Corporate social responsibility policies can also include EPA regulations that require corporations to report on their global environmental liabilities. After all, the costs of cleaning up can be a major drain on corporate profits. But these policies are not well coordinated or known as CSR policies. Were someone to compile an overview, we might gain a greater understanding of bow such policies can be made more effective. But there are some policies including tax policies that encourage firms to shift production or their headquarters to nations with weaker fiscal or regulatory systems. Other policies that may undermine global corporate responsibility include corporate welfare and agricultural protectionism.

E

The French government recently overhauled French corporate law and mandated the disclosure of companies’ social and environmental as well as profit performance. This is a good idea. The British require pension funds to report on the social, environmental, as well as profit performance of their investments. The Canadian government is also examining a wide range of public policies to promote CSR. Perhaps the most interesting development was that in 2001, with funding from the Atkinson Foundation; five private citizens organized a commission on democracy and accountability. Their final report issued 25 specific policy recommendations on promoting global and do

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第7题

在XML布局文件中使用已定义的my_button_text的语法是（)

A.android:text=@string/my_button_text/

B.android:text="@string/my_button_text"/

C.android:text="@string/my_button_text"

D.android:text=@string/my_button_text

E.android:text=@string/"my_button_text"

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第8题

多行文本输入命令为text。（)
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第9题

Android代码中加入Toast.make Text（Context，Text，Time);即可显示Toast。（)
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第10题

We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ______.A．undervaluing intellec

We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ______.

A．undervaluing intellect

B．favoring intellectualism

C．supporting school reform

D．suppressing native intelligence

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第11题

以下关于text组件说法错误的是？（）

A.text组件可以嵌套view

B.text组件中可以写入文本、图片、block组件

C.text组件中除了文本节点以外的其他节点都无法长按选中

D.text组件只可以嵌套text

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